Simulace.info - User contributions [en]

WS 2020/2021

2021-01-21T03:24:20Z

Dufa00:

Semestral papers from winter term 2020/2021. Please, put here links to the pages with your paper. First you need to have your [[Assignments WS 2020/2021|assignment approved]]

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/Impact_of_late_lockdown_and_hospital_capacity_on_19-COVID_spread Impact of late lockdown and hospital capacity on 19-COVID spread] , Thomas BAEUMLIN [[User:Toscool|Toscool]] ([[User talk:Toscool|talk]]) 16:15, 7 January 2020 (CET)

[[Comparing_multiple_airplane_boarding_methods]], Adam Jedlička [[User:Jeda00|jeda00]] 20:45, 17 January 2020 (CET)

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/Effects_of_VAT_exemption_abolition_to_imported_low_value_consignments Effects of VAT exemption abolition to imported low value consignments], Adela Barchankova [[User:bara15|bara15]] ([[User talk:bara15|talk]]) 21:00, 18 January 2020 (CET)

[[Retirement Planning]], [[User:Louis|Louis]] ([[User talk:Louis|talk]]) 02:08, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[Covid 19 - Contacts]], [[User:praa03|praa03]] 17:08, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[Corrupted Blood Incident]], Michal Frýba, [[User:Frym06|Frym06]] ([[User talk:Frym06|talk]]) 19:32, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[Car acquisition]], [[Mico00|Mico00]] 19:59, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[Widening the spread between rich and poor]], [[User:Sára|Sára]] 21:40, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[Development of real estate prices in Prague]], [[User:netp02|netp02]] 23:41, 19 January 2021 (CET)

[[IT Team simulation]], [[Antonsverlov]] , 20 January 2021 (CET)

[[Evolution of retirement pay in the Czech Republic]], Arnošt Sychra [[User:Syca00|Syca00]] 03:30, 20 January 2020 (CET)

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/COVID-19_symptoms COVID-19 symptoms simulation] , Kamila Steinbartová [[User:stek15|stek15]] ([[User talk:stek15|talk]]) 13:07, 20 January 2020 (CET)

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/Risk_Simulation_in_Banking Risk Simulation in Banking], Simon Orlik [[User:Simon|Simon]] ([[User talk:Simon|talk]]) 16:52, 20 January (CET)

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/Garbage_collection Garbage collection] [[User:Dobj02|Dobj02]] ([[User talk:Dobj02|talk]]) 19:32, 20 January 2021 (CET)

[[Covid-19 Mass testing]], Milan Pavelčák [[User:pavm13|pavm13]] 20:50, 20 January 2021 (CET)

[http://www.simulace.info/index.php/Efficient_Recruitment_Process Efficient Recruitment Process] [[[User:Gautier Dubois|Gautier Dubois]] ([[User talk:Gautier Dubois|talk]]) 20:51, 20 January 2021 (CET)]

[[Simulation optimalization of incident solving]], [[User:Glyn00|Glyn00]] 21:18, 20 January 2020 (CET)

[[Predicting number of applicants for high school exams and their level of success in 2021]], Matyáš Douda [[User:MD|MD]] 21:54, 20 January 2020 (CET)

[[Operation of private dental office]], Alena Dufková [[User:Dufa00|Dufa00]] 20 January 2021 (CET)

[[Lawn Mower Roboter]], [[User:Justin adenau|Justin adenau]] ([[User talk:Justin adenau|talk]]) 23:57, 20 January 2021 (CET)

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:14:24Z

Dufa00: /* General description of entities */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''" If one can redo this simulation, he or she must know how many devices there will be counted and what can their dentist perform and adjust this model to that. Logic behind is that if everything is working as it should, the performance is 100%.

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

All the numbers used in logical part were derived or simplified from the available informations in the dental office. They consist of minimums, maximums, percentages and averages.

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

In conclusion, the results were very pleasing, because they've met the expectations from the beginning. Model is functioning and can be easily modified on other similiar offices. The numbers within should not change that much, only when you want results for distinctly different office, or dentist approach (he or she might work without the insurance companies, therefore revenues are much higher, or they want to work less time the common average work hours).

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence and then missplaced some relations in the handmade sketch.

=Code=

[[File:dufa00_semester_work.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:13:57Z

Dufa00: /* General description of entities */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''" If one can redo this simulation, he or she must know how many devices there will be counted and what can their dentist perform and adjust this model to that. Logic behind is that if everything is working as it should, the performance is 100%.

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

All the numbers were derived or simplified from the available informations in the dental office. They consist of minimums, maximums, percentages and averages.

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

In conclusion, the results were very pleasing, because they've met the expectations from the beginning. Model is functioning and can be easily modified on other similiar offices. The numbers within should not change that much, only when you want results for distinctly different office, or dentist approach (he or she might work without the insurance companies, therefore revenues are much higher, or they want to work less time the common average work hours).

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence and then missplaced some relations in the handmade sketch.

=Code=

[[File:dufa00_semester_work.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:11:35Z

Dufa00: /* Code */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''" If one can redo this simulation, he or she must know how many devices there will be counted and what can their dentist perform and adjust this model to that. Logic behind is that if everything is working as it should, the performance is 100%.

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

In conclusion, the results were very pleasing, because they've met the expectations from the beginning. Model is functioning and can be easily modified on other similiar offices. The numbers within should not change that much, only when you want results for distinctly different office, or dentist approach (he or she might work without the insurance companies, therefore revenues are much higher, or they want to work less time the common average work hours).

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence and then missplaced some relations in the handmade sketch.

=Code=

[[File:dufa00_semester_work.mdl]]

File:Dufa00 semester work.mdl

2021-01-21T03:11:21Z

Dufa00: work

== Summary ==
work

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:10:14Z

Dufa00: /* Conclusion */ fix, yaaay

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''" If one can redo this simulation, he or she must know how many devices there will be counted and what can their dentist perform and adjust this model to that. Logic behind is that if everything is working as it should, the performance is 100%.

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

In conclusion, the results were very pleasing, because they've met the expectations from the beginning. Model is functioning and can be easily modified on other similiar offices. The numbers within should not change that much, only when you want results for distinctly different office, or dentist approach (he or she might work without the insurance companies, therefore revenues are much higher, or they want to work less time the common average work hours).

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence and then missplaced some relations in the handmade sketch.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:03:24Z

Dufa00: /* Model */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''" If one can redo this simulation, he or she must know how many devices there will be counted and what can their dentist perform and adjust this model to that. Logic behind is that if everything is working as it should, the performance is 100%.

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T03:01:03Z

Dufa00: /* Results */ fixes

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

The simulation proved the ideas from beginning. COVID-19 is indeed influencing the operation of the dental office. If the virus will spread more and more, the dental office needs to do some changes, because their profits might dangerously drop. They are two main ways they can go, to secure businnes continuity. To change something about the approach to the patients or something about total costs.

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the charts we can see that when the phase is in bigger number, people come less, as was expected. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later, so the line in the chart did not reach zero. However, in these times, only the ones who really must go to the dentist come. Therefore the revenues are still lower, because the more delicate procedures are not that demanded as before.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption of the service. Or, in the more gloomy way, the salary of the instrumentalist might be reduced, as it is not at the minimum, author does not recommend that. From economics point of view, there might be a try to find more lucrative supplier of the appliances, but at what cost. In this area the quality is much more than the price.

Whatsmore, on the other hand, other variables are optimal and can be maintained.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T02:50:09Z

Dufa00: /* Model */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

==Acquired charts via simulation==

[[File:COVID_phase1_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the first phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread is the lowest)]]

[[File:COVID_phase5_dufa00.png|frame|center|Results given in the last phase of the COVID-19 (when the restrictions and spread are the greatest)]]

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

File:COVID phase5 dufa00.png

2021-01-21T02:49:59Z

Dufa00: phase5

== Summary ==
phase5

File:COVID phase1 dufa00.png

2021-01-21T02:48:10Z

Dufa00: phase1

== Summary ==
phase1

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T02:45:18Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there can be equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T02:44:48Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */ fixing mistakes

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19 according to current phase; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources, this variable mainly show the skill of the employees; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor - 90), -2, 1))+(IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost profit of patients via COVID-19; (workload of the office *3.3* 750 - ((IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 1, 50, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 2, 56, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 3, 84, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 4, 112, IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" <= 5, 120, 0))))))*900))

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, used numbers were calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others), first number given was too high because it was the maximum; (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" >= 1, RANDOM UNIFORM(20000, 40000 , 0 ), 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': It gives the occupancy of the office in percentage. It is comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; (IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 320, 100, RANDOM UNIFORM(79, 99 , 0 )))

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-21T02:37:46Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:Diagrams dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

File:Diagrams dufa00.png

2021-01-21T02:37:23Z

Dufa00: diagrams

== Summary ==
diagrams

File:Casual loop diagram dufa00.png

2021-01-21T02:21:20Z

Dufa00: Dufa00 načetla novou verzi File:Casual loop diagram dufa00.png

== Summary ==
Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office

File:Casual loop diagram dufa00.png

2021-01-21T02:17:09Z

Dufa00: Dufa00 načetla novou verzi File:Casual loop diagram dufa00.png

== Summary ==
Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T23:00:06Z

Dufa00: /* Conclusion */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was mainly difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:59:53Z

Dufa00: /* Conclusion */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant. Vensim is much complex program than i thought and should've put more time into constructing the model itself, the author spent too much time gathering evidence.

The problem was very difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:59:07Z

Dufa00: /* Results */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19 and its connection to phases, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by attending school for acquiring the ability to perform serious periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant.

The problem was very difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:58:02Z

Dufa00: /* Code */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by performing a superstructure for periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant.

The problem was very difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

[[File:Simulation_main_dufa00.mdl]]

File:Simulation main dufa00.mdl

2021-01-20T22:57:31Z

Dufa00: main simulation

== Summary ==
main simulation

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:54:24Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state the dependence between workload and accreditations of the doctor and instrumentalist and also getting notice about resources; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)) + (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by performing a superstructure for periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant.

The problem was very difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:53:19Z

Dufa00: /* Conclusion */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state, when the workload is bigger than third of accreditation of doctor, then value two, otherwise one and at the same time it increases demand thanks to ratio of resources on instrumentalist and accreditation of the doctor; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)); (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by performing a superstructure for periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

Overall, the experience with the simulation was great and entertaining. Getting back with touch with friends from the dental field was refreshing, friendly and pleasant.

The problem was very difficult because it was not possible to connect patient care to the module. After many hours of browsing the Internet, no solution was found, but the blame lies with the author, he had to contact the teacher in time.

=Code=

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:50:48Z

Dufa00: /* Results */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state, when the workload is bigger than third of accreditation of doctor, then value two, otherwise one and at the same time it increases demand thanks to ratio of resources on instrumentalist and accreditation of the doctor; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)); (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

Due to the relatively linear increase in patient departure due to COVID-19, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that patients are not afraid to come. From the interviews, we discussed the topic of introducing COVID-19 tests directly in the workplace, the only problem is that such tests prepared on the spot do not have that high a percentage of success to be given so much confidence. However, patients may need to come because the teeth will need to be repaired sooner or later.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the profit by expanding the dentist's knowledge, for example by performing a superstructure for periodontitis or surgery, but this option would require considerable investment and perhaps even interruption.

Whatsmore, other variables are optimal. More assistants are not necessary and more staff would cause just higher costs on salaries.

=Conclusion=

=Code=

WS 2020/2021

2021-01-20T22:41:44Z

Dufa00:

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:39:40Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state, when the workload is bigger than third of accreditation of doctor, then value two, otherwise one and at the same time it increases demand thanks to ratio of resources on instrumentalist and accreditation of the doctor; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)); (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''': workload multiplied by average profit per patient minus average lost of patients via COVID-19; workload of the office*1000-("COVID-19 phase"*161)

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

=Conclusion=

=Code=

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:37:38Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

'''Introduction''':

This page includes research report for the semester project and its requisities.

• '''Name of the simulation''': Operation of private dental office

• '''Course''': 4IT496 Simulace systémů v angličtině (ZS 2020/2021)

• '''Author''': Bc. Alena Dufková

• '''Type''': System dynamic

• '''Modeling tool''': Vensim

=Problem definition=

The topic of the simulation was chosen with a view of understanding to the processes and connections in a dental office. The author already followed this theme in her bachelor thesis and is actively interested in becoming dental hygienist, if the main focus in informatics should not go well.

Simulated data and conditions are from a real private dental office situated in central Bohemia. The Simulation consists of the aspects influencing the company operations from within and from the outside. Nowadays even the COVID-19 is influencing the revenues and it impacts the common procedures at work. The goal is to help the specific dental office to see its progress and overall stats. They could see ¨some hidden opportunities that might be available once they get their hands on the simulation. Whatsmore the results should be appliable to any other average private dental office.

=Method=

When selecting the possible means to run the simulation, two options were considered. Using Simprocess or Vensim. Both programs can very practically capture the status and running of the company. They can also capture the needs of the company for its healthy life cycle. However, Vensim was eventually chosen, thanks to its more dynamic environment, taking into account the influence of COVID-19 on the operation of the company. These links would be far more difficult to capture with the unselected program.

=Model=

The most important thing is to know the environment and the people you work with. In this case of this work, it is '''a private dental office''', in which there are exactly two employees, a dentist and an instrumentalist. To repeat the experiment with the best accuracy for your own case, it is necessary to have access to the information directly from employees of such an environment. This is a doctor's office located in a small town in Central Bohemian, where there is little to no competition. This applies to many dental offices in smaller cities, only the capital city of Prague has enough doctors to create a rivalry between companies, so we abstract from the variable aspect of "''competitors.''"

==General description of entities==

The first and key aspect for the proper operation of the company is the '''accreditation of the doctor'''. This increases revenues the most. It is based on this attribute that it is necessary to know the staff of the surgery in order to record all the procedures that contribute to the well-being of patients.

Once there are introduced human units, I will mention other employees. In this particular case, it is precisely one '''instrumentalist''' who also contributes to '''patient care''' through her activities.

Another important equipment of the company is the '''resources''' to further increase the value. They are therefore '''materials''' and '''devices''' used to care for patients. '''Materials''' are usually of two types: '''consumer''' (fillings, rinsing water and others) and '''disposable''' (gloves, cups, cotton wool and others). They are usually very similar for all surgeries, due to the directives and regulations of the dental chamber and therefore they are not further broken down. The '''devices''' are more variable and each company may have different equipment, although some are certainly the same (for example, a dental chair) they are specifically listed.

All these facts contribute to '''patient care'''. The more valuable the '''patient care''', the more rampant the interest in being treated in this surgery, and the higher the '''demand'''. The '''demand''' in this case are the orders of the patients. Unfortunately, this process is also influenced by '''COVID-19''' today. Some procedures had to be completely canceled and many patients are even afraid to visit the surgery, even though they have been waiting for it for months.

'''Demand''' has a direct effect on the '''workload of the office'''. The busier it is, the more the surgery's '''revenues''' increases, whether from the pockets of patients or insurance companies. However, the capacity is of course limited and therefore, paradoxically, the potential '''patient care''' is reduced because no more patients can be recruited.

Of course, there are several types of costs present throughout the system. '''Operating costs''' are directly affected by '''fixed costs''', which include, for example, rental or electricity costs, and '''resources''' that need to be financed. The '''total costs''' are thus enriched by '''operating costs''' and at the same time by the nurse's salaries. '''Budget''' is therefore mainly affected by '''total costs''' and '''revenues'''.

Furthermore, finally, '''COVID-19''' was found guilty of further increasing '''total costs''' and reducing '''revenues'''. In connection with costs, these are mainly other materials that need to be procured regularly. In terms of income, these are lost profits for patients who were ordered but either did not come or could not be admitted to the building through directives (high fever and other symptoms).

==Casual loop diagram==

[[File:casual_loop_diagram_dufa00.png|frame|center|Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office]]

==List of entities and logic==

• '''accreditation of the doctor''': summary of doctor's abilities (this case 100%); (IF THEN ELSE (acute treatment = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (conservative dentistry = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (endodontics = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (prevention = 2, 20, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (protetics = 2, 20, 0))

• '''budget''': (revenues - total costs)

• '''demand''': total demmand increased by patient care and daily average patients minus patients they've lost thanks to COVID-19; (RANDOM UNIFORM (280, 320, 0)+patient care - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 150, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 140, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 120, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 100, 0) - IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 50, 0))

• '''devices''': summary of available devices; (IF THEN ELSE (dental chair = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (microscope = 2, 33, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("x-ray" = 2, 33, 0))

• '''instrumentalist''': represents wage of the assistant; currently set on 20 000,- CZK

• '''materials''': summary of available materials; (IF THEN ELSE (consumer materials = 2, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (disposable materials = 2, 50, 0))

• '''operating costs''': summary of fixed costs and costs given for taking care of the resources; (fixed costs+resources*200)

• '''patient care''': there is atempt to state, when the workload is bigger than third of accreditation of doctor, then value two, otherwise one and at the same time it increases demand thanks to ratio of resources on instrumentalist and accreditation of the doctor; (IF THEN ELSE (workload of the office >= (accreditation of the doctor * 1/3), 2, 1)); (IF THEN ELSE (instrumentalist/resources <= 50 :AND: accreditation of the doctor >= 80, 2, 1))

• '''resources''': summary of available resources; (IF THEN ELSE (devices = 99, 50, 0) + IF THEN ELSE (materials = 100, 50, 0))

• '''revenues''':

• '''total costs''': summary of costs average on month, sum of 60000 was calculated based on daily costs due COVID-19 measures (disinfection, masks and others); (IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 1, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 2, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 3, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 4, 60000, 0) + IF THEN ELSE ("COVID-19 phase" = 5, 60000, 0) + instrumentalist + operating costs)

• '''workload of the office''': comparison between number of patients that the doctors can operate on on the maximum and demand; IF THEN ELSE (demand >= 352, 50, 0)

==List of variable entities and logic==

• '''acute treatment''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''conservative dentistry''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''consumer materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''COVID-19 phase''': current COVID-19 phase diagnosed via "''PES''"; value 1 means phase 1, value 2 means phase 2, value 3 means phase 3, value 4 means phase 4, value 5 means phase 5; for random output there is equation: (RANDOM UNIFORM(1, 5 , 0))

• '''dental chair''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''disposable materials''': materials increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''endodontics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''fixed costs''': costs like rental costs increasing total costs; set to 50 000,- CZK as it is average fixed cost for this office

• '''microscope''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

• '''prevention''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''protetics''': doctor's ability increases by 20%; value 1 means that the doctor is not accredited, value 2 means that the doctor is accredited

• '''x-ray''': devices increases by 50% if available; value 1 means not available, value 2 means available

=Results=

=Conclusion=

=Code=

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:28:17Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:26:51Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:18:40Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:14:40Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:07:30Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:05:50Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T22:03:00Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:59:32Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:50:26Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:46:53Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:42:21Z

Dufa00: /* List of entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:39:54Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:39:13Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:38:36Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:38:22Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:38:12Z

Dufa00: /* Casual loop diagram */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:37:29Z

Dufa00: /* Model */ adding pic

File:Casual loop diagram dufa00.png

2021-01-20T21:36:20Z

Dufa00: Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office

== Summary ==
Casual loop diagram of operation of private dental office

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:11:13Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:07:18Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:02:24Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */

Operation of private dental office

2021-01-20T21:02:07Z

Dufa00: /* List of variable entities and logic */