Simulace.info - User contributions [en]

File:Multiplayer-games.docx

2014-01-17T16:05:56Z

Xvott00:

WS 2013/2014

2014-01-17T15:42:37Z

Xvott00:

Semestral papers from winter term 2013/2014. Please, put here links to the pages with your paper. First you need to have your [[Assignments WS 2013/2014|assignment approved]].

-- [[User:Xziny00|Xziny00]] 20:11, 12 January 2014 (CET) [[Current account opening process optimization]]

-- [[User:Xklit17|Xklit17]] 00:02, 14 January 2014 (CET) [[Intersection (vs. Roundabout)|Intersection (vs. Roundabout)]]

-- [[User:Xvism00|Xvism00]] 13:22, 14 January 2014 (CET)[[General Behavior of Infections]]

-- [[User:Xvott00|Xvott00]] 23:15, 14 January 2014 (CET) [[Fire evacuation simulation]]

-- [[User:Xpeka00|Xpeka00]] 23:54, 14 January 2014 (CET) [[From Field to Forest]]

-- [[User:Xzruv00|Xzruv00]] 18:21, 15 January 2014 (CET) [[Fertility vs Intelligence]]

-- [[User:Xlizt00|Xlizt00]] 19:49, 15 January 2014 (CET) [[Water flow through Vltava water cascade]]

--[[User:Spiglnigl|Spiglnigl]] 22:06, 15 January 2014 (CET) xmalf00 [[Heat recuperation]]

== Papers ==
[[User:Xvott00|Xvott00]] 16:42, 17 January 2014 (CET) [[Multiplayer games]]

File:Fire-code.nlogo

2014-01-15T07:43:33Z

Xvott00: uploaded a new version of "File:Fire-code.nlogo"

Fire evacuation simulation

2014-01-15T07:43:09Z

Xvott00:

=Problem definition=

My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building. In every large public building there is a problem, that people don´t know the building very well, and might get lost inside the building. Therefore they could not get out fast during the evacuation. To deal with this problem, there are “Emergency exit” marks on the walls or hanging from the ceiling, which shows people way to the nearest exit.

In case of emergency, people should seek the exit as fast as possible. There has to be enough exits for the people, so they don’t stuck and crush themselves in the crowd, and there should also be enough marks, so the people can find the way out quickly.

The public building in my model is modelled according to a plans of ground floor of „public side“ of Centrum Černý most, which is a large shopping centre in Prague. By the “public side” I mean the side, where customers of the centre can get (shops, walkways, toilets etc.). The administrative places, where is significantly less people and they know the way out quite well is not included.

=Method=

To deal with the problem I have chosen the method to create a multiagent system in programmable multiagent environment called NetLogo.

=Model description=

In model there are following entities:

== People ==

The people in the model are not very smart, as would people during fire emergency or another stressful situation be. They will try to find their way out very quickly, and if they don’t see the way, they can pretty quickly got lost even in not too complex shop.

People can see up to the distance set at the beginning and only in front 180° (they can’t see, what’s behind them). Also they can’t see through walls.

At first, they will try to find exit in they view range. If they see one, they will go to the exit and leave the building. If they see no exit around, they will try to find the marks leading to the exit. If they see the mark, they will go to it until, they are close enough to read it (it is 25% of visibility). When they can read the sign, the will go the way mark shows and look for another mark of exit. If people see no exit and no sign either, and they are in the shops (the floor of the shops are brown in my model), they will try to find the walkway at least. There is better chance to find any marks or exits. If they don’t see any exit nor mark nor walkway, they will look behind themselves and with no luck even there, they will simply wander random way to find any think mentioned before.

If any person hits the wall, he or she will go the way, the wall goes. Whether it will be right or left will be chosen randomly with 50% chance for both ways.

If the danger switch is on, there will be a 10% chance, that a person will get crushed by crowd around, if there are 6 or more people around the person.

== Exits ==
Exits are places, people seek to get to. They are marked green on the plan. If any person steps on the exit, he/she will disappear and is counted as the one who got away.

== Marks ==
Marks are stationary agents placed in the model. They have a shape of green arrow pointing the way, people should go. If any person sees the mark, he/she will come to it as close as he can read it and then he/she will go the direction the mark is showing.

== Walkway ==
Walkways are patches with bright green color. People, who are in the shops and can’t see any exit nor mark, will try to get to the walkway.
Shops

Shops are patches with bright brown color.

== Walls ==
Walls are patches with black color. People can’t walk through walls and can’t see through them. Neither fire can get through walls.

== Fire ==
If the danger switch is turned on, there will be fire in the model. Small fireball of size 6 patches. The patch on fire will turn red. Every patch, which is near the patch on fire has a 5% chance to light up every tick. Every patch on fire has a 2% chance to burn out. Burned out patches will turn color to grey.

== The interface of the model ==
The largest part of the interface is the graphic window, where after the setup can be seen the plan of the building with all parts. It is updated every tick.

There are two sliders on the interface:

'''Visibility''', which sets how far people can see, it also sets the readability of the marks, which is ¼ of visibility. 1 point of visibility means 1 approximately 1 meter distance in reality. The default value is 40 meters.

'''Number-of-people''', which sets, how many people will spawn on the map during the initial setup.

Also there are two buttons:

'''Go''', which starts the model run and tick count and

'''Setup''', which creates the plan according to code and spawns people on the plan. The setup should be pressed always before the Go button.

During the run there are two reporters:

'''People inside''', which counts the people still looking for their way out and

'''People out''', which counts the people, which made their way to the safety.

The plot in left down side show the '''percentage of people, who got out'''.

=Results=

I have created model as mentioned above and run it with two different settings. Each time I had the danger switch turned off, because I wanted to measure, how fast the people will get out, not how many of them will die. The second reason for not using the danger switch turned on is, that the computational demands of the model are quite high and grow more approx. 2 times, if the danger switch is on. In both settings, the visibility had default option (40 meters). For both settings I let the model run 10 times up to 1500 ticks and I counted the % of people getting away in time.

First run was with 100 people in the model:

[[File:fire-graph1.jpg]]

The second run was with the 500 people in the model at the beginning of simulation:

[[File:fire-graph2.png]]

As we can see, the time needed for the people to get out of building is almost not dependent on amount of people. That means, that building is large enough and has enough exits to handle the emergency situation up to 500 people.

The time needed for people to leave the building depends most on the starting position of the people. Still as we can see, thanks to the marks leading to the exit, 95% of the people can leave the building in approximately 800 seconds, which is 13.3 minutes.

While watching the models run, I saw that the most problematic places were large shops on the top left corner and on the bottom right corner. Those places are so large, that people can’t see even the walkway and some of them have a hard time finding the right way. This could happen even to the people in reality, especially if they are on the edge of panic. I would recommend creating the exit marks event to the large shops to get better results during the evacuation.

=Conclusion=

I created the multiagent model simulating the evacuation of ground floor of shopping centre Centrum Černý most. In sum I ran 20 simulations, 10 of them were for the initial count of 100 people and the next 10 were for the count of 500 people at the start of the simulation. In both examples, the 95% of the people got to the safety in 800 seconds.

The simulation shows that Centrum Černý most has enough capacity and fire exits for more than 500 people and the marks are more or less correctly placed, so that the most of the people can easily find the way out. I noticed two of the blank places, where small amount of people got lost during the simulation, and that are large shops, from where the people can’t see to the walkway. Therefore I recommend placing the emergency exits mars there.

In addition I created a model that could test any other building that would be implemented to the model and also created a “danger” version of the simulation, where people can burn or be crushed by the crowd.

=Code=

[[File:fire-code.nlogo]]

Fire evacuation simulation

2014-01-14T22:33:23Z

Xvott00:

=Problem definition=

My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building. In every large public building there is a problem, that people don´t know the building very well, and might get lost inside the building. Therefore they could not get out fast during the evacuation. To deal with this problem, there are “Emergency exit” marks on the walls or hanging from the ceiling, which shows people way to the nearest exit.

In case of emergency, people should seek the exit as fast as possible. There has to be enough exits for the people, so they don’t stuck and crush themselves in the crowd, and there should also be enough marks, so the people can find the way out quickly.

The public building in my model is modelled according to a plans of ground floor of „public side“ of Centrum Černý most, which is a large shopping centre in Prague. By the “public side” I mean the side, where customers of the centre can get (shops, walkways, toilets etc.). The administrative places, where is significantly less people and they know the way out quite well is not included.

=Method=

To deal with the problem I have chosen the method to create a multiagent system in programmable multiagent environment called NetLogo.

=Model description=

In model there are following entities:

== People ==

The people in the model are not very smart, as would people during fire emergency or another stressful situation be. They will try to find their way out very quickly, and if they don’t see the way, they can pretty quickly got lost even in not too complex shop.

People can see up to the distance set at the beginning and only in front 180° (they can’t see, what’s behind them). Also they can’t see through walls.

At first, they will try to find exit in they view range. If they see one, they will go to the exit and leave the building. If they see no exit around, they will try to find the marks leading to the exit. If they see the mark, they will go to it until, they are close enough to read it (it is 25% of visibility). When they can read the sign, the will go the way mark shows and look for another mark of exit. If people see no exit and no sign either, and they are in the shops (the floor of the shops are brown in my model), they will try to find the walkway at least. There is better chance to find any marks or exits. If they don’t see any exit nor mark nor walkway, they will look behind themselves and with no luck even there, they will simply wander random way to find any think mentioned before.

If any person hits the wall, he or she will go the way, the wall goes. Whether it will be right or left will be chosen randomly with 50% chance for both ways.

If the gore switch is on, there will be a 10% chance, that a person will get crushed by crowd around, if there are 6 or more people around the person.

== Exits ==
Exits are places, people seek to get to. They are marked green on the plan. If any person steps on the exit, he/she will disappear and is counted as the one who got away.

== Marks ==
Marks are stationary agents placed in the model. They have a shape of green arrow pointing the way, people should go. If any person sees the mark, he/she will come to it as close as he can read it and then he/she will go the direction the mark is showing.

== Walkway ==
Walkways are patches with bright green color. People, who are in the shops and can’t see any exit nor mark, will try to get to the walkway.
Shops

Shops are patches with bright brown color.

== Walls ==
Walls are patches with black color. People can’t walk through walls and can’t see through them. Neither fire can get through walls.

== Fire ==
If the gore switch is turned on, there will be fire in the model. Small fireball of size 6 patches. The patch on fire will turn red. Every patch, which is near the patch on fire has a 5% chance to light up every tick. Every patch on fire has a 2% chance to burn out. Burned out patches will turn color to grey.

== The interface of the model ==
The largest part of the interface is the graphic window, where after the setup can be seen the plan of the building with all parts. It is updated every tick.

There are two sliders on the interface:

'''Visibility''', which sets how far people can see, it also sets the readability of the marks, which is ¼ of visibility. 1 point of visibility means 1 approximately 1 meter distance in reality. The default value is 40 meters.

'''Number-of-people''', which sets, how many people will spawn on the map during the initial setup.

Also there are two buttons:

'''Go''', which starts the model run and tick count and

'''Setup''', which creates the plan according to code and spawns people on the plan. The setup should be pressed always before the Go button.

During the run there are two reporters:

'''People inside''', which counts the people still looking for their way out and

'''People out''', which counts the people, which made their way to the safety.

The plot in left down side show the '''percentage of people, who got out'''.

=Results=

I have created model as mentioned above and run it with two different settings. Each time I had the gore switch turned off, because I wanted to measure, how fast the people will get out, not how many of them will die. The second reason for not using the gore switch turned on is, that the computational demands of the model are quite high and grow more approx. 2 times, if the gore switch is on. In both settings, the visibility had default option (40 meters). For both settings I let the model run 10 times up to 1500 ticks and I counted the % of people getting away in time.

First run was with 100 people in the model:

[[File:fire-graph1.jpg]]

The second run was with the 500 people in the model at the beginning of simulation:

[[File:fire-graph2.png]]

As we can see, the time needed for the people to get out of building is almost not dependent on amount of people. That means, that building is large enough and has enough exits to handle the emergency situation up to 500 people.

The time needed for people to leave the building depends most on the starting position of the people. Still as we can see, thanks to the marks leading to the exit, 95% of the people can leave the building in approximately 800 seconds, which is 13.3 minutes.

While watching the models run, I saw that the most problematic places were large shops on the top left corner and on the bottom right corner. Those places are so large, that people can’t see even the walkway and some of them have a hard time finding the right way. This could happen even to the people in reality, especially if they are on the edge of panic. I would recommend creating the exit marks event to the large shops to get better results during the evacuation.

=Conclusion=

I created the multiagent model simulating the evacuation of ground floor of shopping centre Centrum Černý most. In sum I ran 20 simulations, 10 of them were for the initial count of 100 people and the next 10 were for the count of 500 people at the start of the simulation. In both examples, the 95% of the people got to the safety in 800 seconds.

The simulation shows that Centrum Černý most has enough capacity and fire exits for more than 500 people and the marks are more or less correctly placed, so that the most of the people can easily find the way out. I noticed two of the blank places, where small amount of people got lost during the simulation, and that are large shops, from where the people can’t see to the walkway. Therefore I recommend placing the emergency exits mars there.

In addition I created a model that could test any other building that would be implemented to the model and also created a “gore” version of the simulation, where people can burn or be crushed by the crowd.

=Code=

[[File:fire-code.nlogo]]

Fire evacuation simulation

2014-01-14T22:32:14Z

Xvott00:

=Problem definition=

My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building. In every large public building there is a problem, that people don´t know the building very well, and might get lost inside the building. Therefore they could not get out fast during the evacuation. To deal with this problem, there are “Emergency exit” marks on the walls or hanging from the ceiling, which shows people way to the nearest exit.

In case of emergency, people should seek the exit as fast as possible. There has to be enough exits for the people, so they don’t stuck and crush themselves in the crowd, and there should also be enough marks, so the people can find the way out quickly.

The public building in my model is modelled according to a plans of ground floor of „public side“ of Centrum Černý most, which is a large shopping centre in Prague. By the “public side” I mean the side, where customers of the centre can get (shops, walkways, toilets etc.). The administrative places, where is significantly less people and they know the way out quite well is not included.

=Method=

To deal with the problem I have chosen the method to create a multiagent system in programmable multiagent environment called NetLogo.

=Model description=

In model there are following entities:

== People ==

The people in the model are not very smart, as would people during fire emergency or another stressful situation be. They will try to find their way out very quickly, and if they don’t see the way, they can pretty quickly got lost even in not too complex shop.

People can see up to the distance set at the beginning and only in front 180° (they can’t see, what’s behind them). Also they can’t see through walls.

At first, they will try to find exit in they view range. If they see one, they will go to the exit and leave the building. If they see no exit around, they will try to find the marks leading to the exit. If they see the mark, they will go to it until, they are close enough to read it (it is 25% of visibility). When they can read the sign, the will go the way mark shows and look for another mark of exit. If people see no exit and no sign either, and they are in the shops (the floor of the shops are brown in my model), they will try to find the walkway at least. There is better chance to find any marks or exits. If they don’t see any exit nor mark nor walkway, they will look behind themselves and with no luck even there, they will simply wander random way to find any think mentioned before.

If any person hits the wall, he or she will go the way, the wall goes. Whether it will be right or left will be chosen randomly with 50% chance for both ways.

If the gore switch is on, there will be a 10% chance, that a person will get crushed by crowd around, if there are 6 or more people around the person.

== Exits ==
Exits are places, people seek to get to. They are marked green on the plan. If any person steps on the exit, he/she will disappear and is counted as the one who got away.

== Marks ==
Marks are stationary agents placed in the model. They have a shape of green arrow pointing the way, people should go. If any person sees the mark, he/she will come to it as close as he can read it and then he/she will go the direction the mark is showing.

== Walkway ==
Walkways are patches with bright green color. People, who are in the shops and can’t see any exit nor mark, will try to get to the walkway.
Shops

Shops are patches with bright brown color.

== Walls ==
Walls are patches with black color. People can’t walk through walls and can’t see through them. Neither fire can get through walls.

== Fire ==
If the gore switch is turned on, there will be fire in the model. Small fireball of size 6 patches. The patch on fire will turn red. Every patch, which is near the patch on fire has a 5% chance to light up every tick. Every patch on fire has a 2% chance to burn out. Burned out patches will turn color to grey.

== The interface of the model ==
The largest part of the interface is the graphic window, where after the setup can be seen the plan of the building with all parts. It is updated every tick.

There are two sliders on the interface:

'''Visibility''', which sets how far people can see, it also sets the readability of the marks, which is ¼ of visibility. 1 point of visibility means 1 approximately 1 meter distance in reality. The default value is 40 meters.

'''Number-of-people''', which sets, how many people will spawn on the map during the initial setup.

Also there are two buttons:

'''Go''', which starts the model run and tick count and

'''Setup''', which creates the plan according to code and spawns people on the plan. The setup should be pressed always before the Go button.

During the run there are two reporters:

'''People inside''', which counts the people still looking for their way out and

'''People out''', which counts the people, which made their way to the safety.

The plot in left down side show the '''percentage of people, who got out'''.

=Results=

I have created model as mentioned above and run it with two different settings. Each time I had the gore switch turned off, because I wanted to measure, how fast the people will get out, not how many of them will die. The second reason for not using the gore switch turned on is, that the computational demands of the model are quite high and grow more approx. 2 times, if the gore switch is on. In both settings, the visibility had default option (40 meters). For both settings I let the model run 10 times up to 1500 ticks and I counted the % of people getting away in time.

First run was with 100 people in the model:

[[File:fire-graph1.jpg]]

The second run was with the 500 people in the model at the beginning of simulation:

[[File:fire-graph2.png]]

As we can see, the time needed for the people to get out of building is almost not dependent on amount of people. That means, that building is large enough and has enough exits to handle the emergency situation up to 500 people.

The time needed for people to leave the building depends most on the starting position of the people. Still as we can see, thanks to the marks leading to the exit, 95% of the people can leave the building in approximately 800 seconds, which is 13.3 minutes.

While watching the models run, I saw that the most problematic places were large shops on the top left corner and on the bottom right corner. Those places are so large, that people can’t see even the walkway and some of them have a hard time finding the right way. This could happen even to the people in reality, especially if they are on the edge of panic. I would recommend creating the exit marks event to the large shops to get better results during the evacuation.

=Conclusion=

I created the multiagent model simulating the evacuation of ground floor of shopping centre Centrum Černý most. In sum I ran 20 simulations, 10 of them were for the initial count of 100 people and the next 10 were for the count of 500 people at the start of the simulation. In both examples, the 95% of the people got to the safety in 800 seconds.

The simulation shows that Centrum Černý most has enough capacity and fire exits for more than 500 people and the marks are more or less correctly placed, so that the most of the people can easily find the way out. I noticed two of the blank places, where small amount of people got lost during the simulation, and that are large shops, from where the people can’t see to the walkway. Therefore I recommend placing the emergency exits mars there.

In addition I created a model that could test any other building that would be implemented to the model and also created a “gore” version of the simulation, where people can burn or be crushed by the crowd.

=Code=

[[File:fire-code.nlogo]]

[[File:fire-code1.nlogo]]

Fire evacuation simulation

2014-01-14T22:31:13Z

Xvott00:

=Problem definition=

My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building. In every large public building there is a problem, that people don´t know the building very well, and might get lost inside the building. Therefore they could not get out fast during the evacuation. To deal with this problem, there are “Emergency exit” marks on the walls or hanging from the ceiling, which shows people way to the nearest exit.

In case of emergency, people should seek the exit as fast as possible. There has to be enough exits for the people, so they don’t stuck and crush themselves in the crowd, and there should also be enough marks, so the people can find the way out quickly.

The public building in my model is modelled according to a plans of ground floor of „public side“ of Centrum Černý most, which is a large shopping centre in Prague. By the “public side” I mean the side, where customers of the centre can get (shops, walkways, toilets etc.). The administrative places, where is significantly less people and they know the way out quite well is not included.

=Method=

To deal with the problem I have chosen the method to create a multiagent system in programmable multiagent environment called NetLogo.

=Model description=

In model there are following entities:

== People ==

The people in the model are not very smart, as would people during fire emergency or another stressful situation be. They will try to find their way out very quickly, and if they don’t see the way, they can pretty quickly got lost even in not too complex shop.

People can see up to the distance set at the beginning and only in front 180° (they can’t see, what’s behind them). Also they can’t see through walls.

At first, they will try to find exit in they view range. If they see one, they will go to the exit and leave the building. If they see no exit around, they will try to find the marks leading to the exit. If they see the mark, they will go to it until, they are close enough to read it (it is 25% of visibility). When they can read the sign, the will go the way mark shows and look for another mark of exit. If people see no exit and no sign either, and they are in the shops (the floor of the shops are brown in my model), they will try to find the walkway at least. There is better chance to find any marks or exits. If they don’t see any exit nor mark nor walkway, they will look behind themselves and with no luck even there, they will simply wander random way to find any think mentioned before.

If any person hits the wall, he or she will go the way, the wall goes. Whether it will be right or left will be chosen randomly with 50% chance for both ways.

If the gore switch is on, there will be a 10% chance, that a person will get crushed by crowd around, if there are 6 or more people around the person.

== Exits ==
Exits are places, people seek to get to. They are marked green on the plan. If any person steps on the exit, he/she will disappear and is counted as the one who got away.

== Marks ==
Marks are stationary agents placed in the model. They have a shape of green arrow pointing the way, people should go. If any person sees the mark, he/she will come to it as close as he can read it and then he/she will go the direction the mark is showing.

== Walkway ==
Walkways are patches with bright green color. People, who are in the shops and can’t see any exit nor mark, will try to get to the walkway.
Shops

Shops are patches with bright brown color.

== Walls ==
Walls are patches with black color. People can’t walk through walls and can’t see through them. Neither fire can get through walls.

== Fire ==
If the gore switch is turned on, there will be fire in the model. Small fireball of size 6 patches. The patch on fire will turn red. Every patch, which is near the patch on fire has a 5% chance to light up every tick. Every patch on fire has a 2% chance to burn out. Burned out patches will turn color to grey.

== The interface of the model ==
The largest part of the interface is the graphic window, where after the setup can be seen the plan of the building with all parts. It is updated every tick.

There are two sliders on the interface:

'''Visibility''', which sets how far people can see, it also sets the readability of the marks, which is ¼ of visibility. 1 point of visibility means 1 approximately 1 meter distance in reality. The default value is 40 meters.

'''Number-of-people''', which sets, how many people will spawn on the map during the initial setup.

Also there are two buttons:

'''Go''', which starts the model run and tick count and

'''Setup''', which creates the plan according to code and spawns people on the plan. The setup should be pressed always before the Go button.

During the run there are two reporters:

'''People inside''', which counts the people still looking for their way out and

'''People out''', which counts the people, which made their way to the safety.

The plot in left down side show the '''percentage of people, who got out'''.

=Results=

I have created model as mentioned above and run it with two different settings. Each time I had the gore switch turned off, because I wanted to measure, how fast the people will get out, not how many of them will die. The second reason for not using the gore switch turned on is, that the computational demands of the model are quite high and grow more approx. 2 times, if the gore switch is on. In both settings, the visibility had default option (40 meters). For both settings I let the model run 10 times up to 1500 ticks and I counted the % of people getting away in time.

First run was with 100 people in the model:

[[File:fire-graph1.jpg]]

The second run was with the 500 people in the model at the beginning of simulation:

[[File:fire-graph2.png]]

As we can see, the time needed for the people to get out of building is almost not dependent on amount of people. That means, that building is large enough and has enough exits to handle the emergency situation up to 500 people.

The time needed for people to leave the building depends most on the starting position of the people. Still as we can see, thanks to the marks leading to the exit, 95% of the people can leave the building in approximately 800 seconds, which is 13.3 minutes.

While watching the models run, I saw that the most problematic places were large shops on the top left corner and on the bottom right corner. Those places are so large, that people can’t see even the walkway and some of them have a hard time finding the right way. This could happen even to the people in reality, especially if they are on the edge of panic. I would recommend creating the exit marks event to the large shops to get better results during the evacuation.

=Conclusion=

I created the multiagent model simulating the evacuation of ground floor of shopping centre Centrum Černý most. In sum I ran 20 simulations, 10 of them were for the initial count of 100 people and the next 10 were for the count of 500 people at the start of the simulation. In both examples, the 95% of the people got to the safety in 800 seconds.

The simulation shows that Centrum Černý most has enough capacity and fire exits for more than 500 people and the marks are more or less correctly placed, so that the most of the people can easily find the way out. I noticed two of the blank places, where small amount of people got lost during the simulation, and that are large shops, from where the people can’t see to the walkway. Therefore I recommend placing the emergency exits mars there.

In addition I created a model that could test any other building that would be implemented to the model and also created a “gore” version of the simulation, where people can burn or be crushed by the crowd.

=Code=

[[File:fire-code.nlogo]]

Fire evacuation simulation

2014-01-14T22:30:31Z

Xvott00: Created page with "Introduction =Problem definition= My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building..."

Introduction

=Problem definition=

My task is to simulate the evacuation of large public building in case of any emergency and measure how fast can people get out of building. In every large public building there is a problem, that people don´t know the building very well, and might get lost inside the building. Therefore they could not get out fast during the evacuation. To deal with this problem, there are “Emergency exit” marks on the walls or hanging from the ceiling, which shows people way to the nearest exit.

In case of emergency, people should seek the exit as fast as possible. There has to be enough exits for the people, so they don’t stuck and crush themselves in the crowd, and there should also be enough marks, so the people can find the way out quickly.

The public building in my model is modelled according to a plans of ground floor of „public side“ of Centrum Černý most, which is a large shopping centre in Prague. By the “public side” I mean the side, where customers of the centre can get (shops, walkways, toilets etc.). The administrative places, where is significantly less people and they know the way out quite well is not included.

=Method=

To deal with the problem I have chosen the method to create a multiagent system in programmable multiagent environment called NetLogo.

=Model description=

In model there are following entities:

== People ==

The people in the model are not very smart, as would people during fire emergency or another stressful situation be. They will try to find their way out very quickly, and if they don’t see the way, they can pretty quickly got lost even in not too complex shop.

People can see up to the distance set at the beginning and only in front 180° (they can’t see, what’s behind them). Also they can’t see through walls.

At first, they will try to find exit in they view range. If they see one, they will go to the exit and leave the building. If they see no exit around, they will try to find the marks leading to the exit. If they see the mark, they will go to it until, they are close enough to read it (it is 25% of visibility). When they can read the sign, the will go the way mark shows and look for another mark of exit. If people see no exit and no sign either, and they are in the shops (the floor of the shops are brown in my model), they will try to find the walkway at least. There is better chance to find any marks or exits. If they don’t see any exit nor mark nor walkway, they will look behind themselves and with no luck even there, they will simply wander random way to find any think mentioned before.

If any person hits the wall, he or she will go the way, the wall goes. Whether it will be right or left will be chosen randomly with 50% chance for both ways.

If the gore switch is on, there will be a 10% chance, that a person will get crushed by crowd around, if there are 6 or more people around the person.

== Exits ==
Exits are places, people seek to get to. They are marked green on the plan. If any person steps on the exit, he/she will disappear and is counted as the one who got away.

== Marks ==
Marks are stationary agents placed in the model. They have a shape of green arrow pointing the way, people should go. If any person sees the mark, he/she will come to it as close as he can read it and then he/she will go the direction the mark is showing.

== Walkway ==
Walkways are patches with bright green color. People, who are in the shops and can’t see any exit nor mark, will try to get to the walkway.
Shops

Shops are patches with bright brown color.

== Walls ==
Walls are patches with black color. People can’t walk through walls and can’t see through them. Neither fire can get through walls.

== Fire ==
If the gore switch is turned on, there will be fire in the model. Small fireball of size 6 patches. The patch on fire will turn red. Every patch, which is near the patch on fire has a 5% chance to light up every tick. Every patch on fire has a 2% chance to burn out. Burned out patches will turn color to grey.

== The interface of the model ==
The largest part of the interface is the graphic window, where after the setup can be seen the plan of the building with all parts. It is updated every tick.

There are two sliders on the interface:

'''Visibility''', which sets how far people can see, it also sets the readability of the marks, which is ¼ of visibility. 1 point of visibility means 1 approximately 1 meter distance in reality. The default value is 40 meters.

'''Number-of-people''', which sets, how many people will spawn on the map during the initial setup.

Also there are two buttons:

'''Go''', which starts the model run and tick count and

'''Setup''', which creates the plan according to code and spawns people on the plan. The setup should be pressed always before the Go button.

During the run there are two reporters:

'''People inside''', which counts the people still looking for their way out and

'''People out''', which counts the people, which made their way to the safety.

The plot in left down side show the '''percentage of people, who got out'''.

=Results=

I have created model as mentioned above and run it with two different settings. Each time I had the gore switch turned off, because I wanted to measure, how fast the people will get out, not how many of them will die. The second reason for not using the gore switch turned on is, that the computational demands of the model are quite high and grow more approx. 2 times, if the gore switch is on. In both settings, the visibility had default option (40 meters). For both settings I let the model run 10 times up to 1500 ticks and I counted the % of people getting away in time.

First run was with 100 people in the model:

[[File:fire-graph1.jpg]]

The second run was with the 500 people in the model at the beginning of simulation:

[[File:fire-graph2.png]]

As we can see, the time needed for the people to get out of building is almost not dependent on amount of people. That means, that building is large enough and has enough exits to handle the emergency situation up to 500 people.

The time needed for people to leave the building depends most on the starting position of the people. Still as we can see, thanks to the marks leading to the exit, 95% of the people can leave the building in approximately 800 seconds, which is 13.3 minutes.

While watching the models run, I saw that the most problematic places were large shops on the top left corner and on the bottom right corner. Those places are so large, that people can’t see even the walkway and some of them have a hard time finding the right way. This could happen even to the people in reality, especially if they are on the edge of panic. I would recommend creating the exit marks event to the large shops to get better results during the evacuation.

=Conclusion=

I created the multiagent model simulating the evacuation of ground floor of shopping centre Centrum Černý most. In sum I ran 20 simulations, 10 of them were for the initial count of 100 people and the next 10 were for the count of 500 people at the start of the simulation. In both examples, the 95% of the people got to the safety in 800 seconds.

The simulation shows that Centrum Černý most has enough capacity and fire exits for more than 500 people and the marks are more or less correctly placed, so that the most of the people can easily find the way out. I noticed two of the blank places, where small amount of people got lost during the simulation, and that are large shops, from where the people can’t see to the walkway. Therefore I recommend placing the emergency exits mars there.

In addition I created a model that could test any other building that would be implemented to the model and also created a “gore” version of the simulation, where people can burn or be crushed by the crowd.

=Code=

[[File:fire-code.nlogo]]

File:Fire-code.nlogo

2014-01-14T22:30:21Z

Xvott00:

File:Fire-graph2.png

2014-01-14T22:27:19Z

Xvott00:

File:Fire-graph1.jpg

2014-01-14T22:26:30Z

Xvott00:

WS 2013/2014

2014-01-14T22:16:29Z

Xvott00:

Assignments WS 2013/2014

2013-12-08T14:37:52Z

Xvott00: /* Fire evacuation simulation */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Assignments WS 2013/2014}}

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Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
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Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment/en|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
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In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
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==Fire evacuation simulation==
<div>
My intention is to create a model of evacuation process of real public building in case of fire emergency. My model considers people as agents who don’t know the way out and in case of fire, they have to find the way first. For this reason there are green tables on the walls of public buildings that should help people find their way to safety.
</div>
<div>
Agents will have to deal with fire and toxic smoke spreading through building on their way out and also other agents, who could crush them in panic.
</div>
<div>
For simulation I am going to use as environment 2D version of NetLogo 5.0.4.
</div>
<div>
My model will count the time of evacuation process and loses of people and help consider whether the green “Exit” tables are on right places and in right amount.
</div>
<div>
Tomáš Votruba, [[User:Xvott00|Xvott00]] 17:11, 7 December 2013 (CET)
</div>
:Generally, it could be an interesting research. It should incorporate more complex shapes of premises than just rectangle (in our class example). The greatest problem could be the intelligence of simulated people. If it should be realistic, it could be quite tricky to develop. Please, could you describe a little bit more in detail, how people would navigate along the green warning tables? [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] 01:58, 8 December 2013 (CET)

<p>
Every agent would have own line of sight dependant on where he is facing and how far can he see. When fire alarm will sound, agents will look around and try to find green table. If he sees one, he goes to it. Every green table shows direction (not strictly in line) to the exit, and agent will go that direction, until he sees another table, which will give him another direction, or exit. Green tables will work as some sort of checkpoints, which will lead the agents to safety.
</p>
<p>
If agent doesn´t see any green table, he will try to look for one by looking around and walking randomly chosen direction.
My intention is to use one floor of real existing public building (for example) Centrum Černý Most or similar. I am not telling which one so far, because I still don´t know whether I get proper plans, I could use. But it will definitely won´t be just a rectangle.
</p>
<p>
Tomáš Votruba, [[User:Xvott00|Xvott00]] 15:37, 8 December 2013 (CET)
</p>

==Simulating and optimizing a process of opening an account at the branch of a bank==
<div>
Currently I am working as a junior process manager at one of the banks in Prague and participating in a Lean Six Sigma project of optimization of an account opening by client visiting a bank`s branch. The goal of that project is to minimize time spent by client at a branch and the number of client`s signatures on various contracts by creating a unified multicontract form.
<ul>
The goal of my simulation, which I`d like to make in SimProcess, is to simulate as-is process and identify, at which steps there is idle time and at which steps there could be a queue of customers. Afterwards I would simulate an improved process - that simulation should prove that the process is improved. The goal of simulation is the same as the goal of the real project that I take part in - it is to cut non-value added steps and reduce time spent by customer at the branch. Simulation will be based on real data.
xziny00 20:16, 1 December 2013 (CET)
</ul>
OK, '''approved''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] 01:37, 8 December 2013 (CET)

==Political compass==
<div>
I am interested to create a simulation of the political spectrum in the NetLogo. The model would simulate the distribution of political views of hypothetical country and the development of leader´s preferences or political parties that people vote. There would be several variable parameters of the population, population growth, a possible radicalization of society, etc. The model would shows electoral preference at the time on the graph and there would be also moving agents on the graphics part of the model. One tick would correspond to one week. The whole model would therefore ran for four years, which is the standard electoral term. In this time there could occur some populist events that affect the electoral battle (floods, the introduction of direct democracy, etc.)
</div>
<div>
Political compass would be based on the known distribution of the political spectrum into 4 quadrants. The horizontal axis would represent the position of voters and political parties to the "left" and "right". The position on the vertical axis would show whether the voter or political party rather libertarian, or authoritarian opinions. Agents (voters) will change slightly their electoral preference every tick. This would simulate a real reflection of the political situation as caving scandals, bad / good economic performance, etc.
</div>
Tomas Lizner, xlizt00, 00:11, 3 December 2013 (CET)
:If this kind of simulation should be developed, I would think about systems dynamics instead of agent-based simulation. But, first and foremost I am generally not very happy about "soft" topics. It is very hard to measure such things like political attitudes. Often, the risk of similar simulation is that it will be nothing more than an academic exercise. Please, try to reconsider it. [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] 01:47, 8 December 2013 (CET)

==From field to forest==
<div>
When a field is left alone it takes quite a time until forest spreads on it; this process is called secondary succession. At first pioneering plants such as grasses and herbaceous plants grow there, later invasive small bushes and trees are following. Later on fast growing evergreen trees appear, but they are overtopped with deciduous trees and the forest starts to appear. I would like to propose a model of this situation focused on the influence of the fertility of the field in the very beginning of the process, i. e. I propose the question how long it takes for a forest to appear based on primary fertility of a field.
</div>
<div>
The process of succession is described well on Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_succession#Primary_and_secondary_succession].
</div>
<div>
The simulation will be realized as a NetLogo model.
Agents: herbaceous plants, invasive bushes, evergreen trees, deciduous trees.
Agents parameters: probability of survival to the next year, probability to spread.

Each agent can spread under different conditions, such as plants around (of the same kind and of other kinds as well) and fertility of the ground. Each plant lives for a specific period of time.

The fertility of the field is dependent on plants previously living there and on an initial value set in the model.
</div>
Alice Peková, xpeka00, 7 December 2013
:First, is the fertility of soil the only driver of the process? And second, I don't like that you would work generally with trees, bushes, etc. instead of particular kinds. I guess there are probably substantial differences in parameters (like the speed of growth) between different kinds of trees, aren't they? [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] 02:53, 8 December 2013 (CET)

Assignments WS 2013/2014

2013-12-07T16:11:20Z

Xvott00:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Assignments WS 2013/2014}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment/en|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

==Fire evacuation simulation==
<div>
My intention is to create a model of evacuation process of real public building in case of fire emergency. My model considers people as agents who don’t know the way out and in case of fire, they have to find the way first. For this reason there are green tables on the walls of public buildings that should help people find their way to safety.
</div>
<div>
Agents will have to deal with fire and toxic smoke spreading through building on their way out and also other agents, who could crush them in panic.
</div>
<div>
For simulation I am going to use as environment 2D version of NetLogo 5.0.4.
</div>
<div>
My model will count the time of evacuation process and loses of people and help consider whether the green “Exit” tables are on right places and in right amount.
</div>
<div>
Tomáš Votruba, [[User:Xvott00|Xvott00]] 17:11, 7 December 2013 (CET)
</div>

==Simulating and optimizing a process of opening an account at the branch of a bank==
<div>
Currently I am working as a junior process manager at one of the banks in Prague and participating in a Lean Six Sigma project of optimization of an account opening by client visiting a bank`s branch. The goal of that project is to minimize time spent by client at a branch and the number of client`s signatures on various contracts by creating a unified multicontract form.
<ul>
The goal of my simulation, which I`d like to make in SimProcess, is to simulate as-is process and identify, at which steps there is idle time and at which steps there could be a queue of customers. Afterwards I would simulate an improved process - that simulation should prove that the process is improved. The goal of simulation is the same as the goal of the real project that I take part in - it is to cut non-value added steps and reduce time spent by customer at the branch. Simulation will be based on real data.
xziny00 20:16, 1 December 2013 (CET)
</ul>
==Political compass==
<div>
I am interested to create a simulation of the political spectrum in the NetLogo. The model would simulate the distribution of political views of hypothetical country and the development of leader´s preferences or political parties that people vote. There would be several variable parameters of the population, population growth, a possible radicalization of society, etc. The model would shows electoral preference at the time on the graph and there would be also moving agents on the graphics part of the model. One tick would correspond to one week. The whole model would therefore ran for four years, which is the standard electoral term. In this time there could occur some populist events that affect the electoral battle (floods, the introduction of direct democracy, etc.)
</div>
<div>
Political compass would be based on the known distribution of the political spectrum into 4 quadrants. The horizontal axis would represent the position of voters and political parties to the "left" and "right". The position on the vertical axis would show whether the voter or political party rather libertarian, or authoritarian opinions. Agents (voters) will change slightly their electoral preference every tick. This would simulate a real reflection of the political situation as caving scandals, bad / good economic performance, etc.
</div>
Tomas Lizner, xlizt00, 00:11, 3 December 2013 (CET)

==From field to forest==
<div>
When a field is left alone it takes quite a time until forest spreads on it; this process is called secondary succession. At first pioneering plants such as grasses and herbaceous plants grow there, later invasive small bushes and trees are following. Later on fast growing evergreen trees appear, but they are overtopped with deciduous trees and the forest starts to appear. I would like to propose a model of this situation focused on the influence of the fertility of the field in the very beginning of the process, i. e. I propose the question how long it takes for a forest to appear based on primary fertility of a field.
</div>
<div>
The process of succession is described well on Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_succession#Primary_and_secondary_succession].
</div>
<div>
The simulation will be realized as a NetLogo model.
Agents: herbaceous plants, invasive bushes, evergreen trees, deciduous trees.
Agents parameters: probability of survival to the next year, probability to spread.

Each agent can spread under different conditions, such as plants around (of the same kind and of other kinds as well) and fertility of the ground. Each plant lives for a specific period of time.

The fertility of the field is dependent on plants previously living there and on an initial value set in the model.
</div>
Alice Peková, xpeka00, 7 December 2013